Heat pump energy consumption in winter: how to optimise your system
During winter, an air-to-water heat pump works harder because outdoor temperatures drop. As a result, electricity consumption increases. The key to controlling this consumption is the COP (Coefficient of Performance).
Under normal conditions, a heat pump can generate 3 to 5 kWh of heat from 1 kWh of electricity. In winter this value decreases due to lower temperatures and defrost cycles, but a properly configured system remains highly efficient.
What affects heat pump energy consumption?
- Outdoor temperature and humidity.
- Lower flow temperatures increase efficiency.
- Correct system hydraulics and flow rates.
- Good home insulation.
- Regular maintenance of the heat pump system.
- Proper positioning of the outdoor unit.
Does a heat pump use more electricity in cold weather?
Yes. When temperatures drop below freezing, the COP decreases and the system needs more defrost cycles. However, modern air-to-water heat pumps remain efficient, especially when combined with low temperature heating systems.
How much electricity does a heat pump use in winter?
A simple rule of thumb is:
Electricity consumption ≈ heat demand ÷ COP
If a house requires around 40 kWh of heat on a winter day and the heat pump operates at COP 2.5, the electricity consumption will be about 16 kWh.
9 practical winter tips
- Reduce the flow temperature where possible.
- Keep the outdoor unit free of snow and leaves.
- Improve building insulation.
- Use moderate night temperature setbacks.
- Keep radiators unobstructed.
- Check pipe insulation.
- Ensure sufficient water flow.
- Ensure proper drainage of condensate.
- Schedule regular heat pump maintenance.
Installers can rely on Hewa for products such as heat pumps, buffer tanks, low temperature radiators and professional installation materials.
